History Of Filipino Immigration History Essay

account statement Of Philippine in-migration History EssayThe making of an the Statesn begins at the rouse w present he himself rejects all other ties, any other taradiddle, and himself adopts the vesture of his choose land. Baldwin 29. It is a wonder why Philippines wanted to leave their let rude and live in a nonher air desire the united States of America. possibly because a brighter coming(prenominal) is seen in a new place, uniform a new arena of hope that elicit non be found in the innate land of the Philippines. Philippines strugg guide to go out of their country without the assurance of anything. Ones self is the whole one who could make his/her take in destiny. Filipinos assimilate been chasing the American dream since the advance(prenominal) 1900s. As opportunities were hallown(p), Filipinos didnt hesitate to leave their own country in baffle to find a brighter future from one of the worlds super powers, which was the unify States. Filipinos were level-headed in adopting their new environment clean to pursue the American hallucination. ethnical identity is a matter of becoming as well as of being. It belongs to the future as much as to the past. It is not something which already exists, transcending place, time, history and culture. Cultural identities come from somewhere, devour histories. But, like everything which is historical, they nethergo constant transformation. (Hall). match between two different cultures is very challenging and this paper focus on this issue the most.Que 2The first large-scale in-migration of Asiatics into the U.S didnt go on until 1848, when gold was discovered in America. The Chinese nick trace for calcium was called the property Mountain. The Gold Rush was one of the pull f forgeors that led many other(prenominal) Chinese to come to the U.S. to find their fortune and return home rich and moneyed (Le). This event triggered the American dreamer and the sights of a greener pasture. Almos t every Asiatic believed that the moment they had stepped on the grounds of the joined States of America, life would be relegate and richer. But not all were granted with the American dream because not all were given decent jobs.Filipinos were actually the first Asians to cross the Pacific Ocean as early as 1587, fifty years earlier the first position settlement of Jamestown was established. This was in addition during the manilla-Acapulco Galleon Trade. Filipinos were forced to carry as sailors and navigators on board Spanish Galleons. Eventually, Filipino sailors were the first to settle in the US around 1763. They made their first permanent settlement in the bayous and marshes of Manila Village, in what would later be Louisiana. They built houses on stilts along the gulf ports of New Orleans and were the first in the United States to disclose the sun-drying process of shrimp (Filipino American History). This was the first wave of Filipinos that came to the United States. Since their migration to the United States, Filipinos have always played an integral role in change to Americas economy. From 1763 to 1906 other Filipino groups much(prenominal) as mariners, adventurers and domestics followed and eventually grew in numbers. With the portrayal of time some of them migrated to the West Coast, Hawaii, and Alaska to expand their opportunities in the fishing and whaling industries (in-migration History).In 1903, the Pensionado Act allowed Filipino students to study in the United States as a way to enhance and further their education and have more fellowship in different areas. WhileQue 3this appears to be an honorable act by the Americans, it was actually not their true intentions. Instead of allowing students to migrate as a way to advance their education and enlighten their minds, the Americans had other posterior motives. These scholars cognize as pensionados were shipped off in order to help carry colonial rule. Many pensionados were given th e scholarship program because it was intended to take these young men in America with degrees in government and constitution so that they could learn the United States governmental system of rules. This way they could return to the Philippines and find out the government democratic practices and administer their own government in a similar fashion like the government in the United States. more importantly, they were promised positions in various government sectors particularly in agriculture, business and education. However, this be to be problematic since the general make-up, history and demographics of the Philippines does not parallel that of the United States. The governmental system that prepares for America may not work for the Philippines. Nonetheless, by 1912 there were over 200 Filipino students who had graduated from American collegiate institutions. subsequently attaining their degrees most of them went back to the Philippines, only some remained in the US and b lended in with the later Filipino immigrants sleep withn as Pinoys (Magat). This act was closely tied with what happened during the time when the United States conquered the Philippines. It started when the Battle of Manila Bay occurred. The Secretary of the Navy of the United States of America ordered George Dewey to lance his fleet to Manila Bay to turn on with the Spanish soldiers because during that time, the Philippines was below the Spanish Rule. They had a fake battle, also called the mock battle, because the Spanish bureaucracy knew that they could not win the war. Emilio Aguinaldo, a Filipino general and license leader, returned to the Philippines from his visit to Hong Kong to erect the American troops. He trusted theQue 4Americans that they would help them get their emancipation back from the Spanish Rule. When the U.S. fleet succeeded, they went to the capitol and replaced the Spanish flag with the American flag. They also didnt allow Emilio Aguinaldo to enter the city of Manila. Thats when he thought that something was wrong, and the Americans couldnt be trusted. The Americans fooled Emilio Aguinaldo, which led to the Philippine-American War. Hypocrisy played its role in these two events. The Americans had their ulterior motives and plans in front doing something like helping the people gain their independence or have the pensionados get their education.Aside from pensionados, laborers also migrated to atomic number 20 under the contract system where they agreed to work as farmers. nearly of the Pinoys worked as farmers in California in the San Joaquin Valley, Salinas, and Sacramento. Some became factory workers in the Alaskan fishing and cannery industries, slice others took low-paying custodian, busboy, and domestic serving jobs. This consequence wave of migration eventually led to an plain labor supply. The second wave began from 1906 with a heavy concentration loss into California and Hawaii. When the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Ass ociation (HPSA) needed more coarse labor workers, they direct recruiters to the Philippines to set up recruitment centers in Vigan, Illocos tire and Cebu. There they hired sugar cane plantation workers known as Sakadas, who unsurprisingly worked for cheap labor. In 1906, fifteen Sakadas were shipped to Hawaii (Garcia). At first, the migrants who mostly let out Tagalog were hesitant to go, out of fear and due to the long travel which they sensed to be dangerous. Upon their deployment and after their settlement, however, they encouraged other Filipinos to follow their footsteps and told them that their migration had been successful. Through their labor, many were able to save money to send back home as a way to sponsor their relatives and help improve their lively conditions. The second wave of FilipinoQue 5immigrants that stepped into Hawaii helps explain the mellowed Filipino-American people that still exists there at once.The US colonization of the Philippines from 1900 up to 1934 had a terrific impact on Philippine in-migration. Filipinos went to the process of mass migration. As Filipinos became US nationals and were given the opportunity to live legally in the US under the protection of its law and constitution. Demand for labor on Hawaiian plantations and California farmlands attracted thousands of Filipino immigrants known as Sakadas who came mostly from the provinces of Ilocos and Cebu to replace the Nipponese work force who intended to leave the Hawaiian plantations. Although the Sakadas came to Hawaii as American Nationals, they were not given full rights as American citizens and were the first Filipino Americans to hear racial discrimination and cultural oppression. The Pinoys had the most extensive experience with racial discrimination resulting from changes in immigration policies, anti-miscegenation laws and oppressive farm focusing practices. Many migrant families lived in poverty and children were forced to get educated, speak side only, and mainstream quickly. About the anti-miscegenation laws, some Filipino older adults and family caregivers may have been part of this group. In 1934 the US Federal law known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act was passed to limit Filipino migration. (Immigration History). The Tydings-McDuffie Act is also known as the Philippine Commonwealth and Independence Act. It was enacted on March 24, 1934. The law was support by Maryland Senator Millard E. Tydings and Alabama Representative John McDuffie, hence the name of the Act. This federal law gave self-government and independence to the Philippines. U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed it and it was sent to the Philippine Senate for approval. Although the Tydings-McDuffie Act was enacted in 1934, theQue 6law states that Filipino independence impart only take effect on July 4, 1946 after a transitional occlusive of ten years. The Act provided the draft and guidelines for a system which formed the foundation of the government in t he Philippines before granting their independence. The Filipinos elected their own delegates for a mandatory constitutional convention on July 10, and Roosevelt approved the Philippine constitution on March 23, 1935. The Commonwealth government was inaugurated in November 1935 under the presidency of Manuel Quezon. The law reclassified all Filipinos in America as aliens for the purposes of immigration to America. Filipinos werent American nationals anymore and they couldnt longer work legally in the US. The support for Philippine independence was highly supported by the white American citizens mostly because of their discontentment with the rapid immigration of Filipino agricultural laborers. After the Spanish-American war in 1898, the Philippines became an American territory. Filipinos were able to enter the U.S. as American nationals. They entered jobs that werent that attractive to white such as home care, dishwashers, janitors, and other service occupations that dont need a coll ege degree or some education. With that, the fear of their developing numbers around nativists are becoming similar to those against the Japanese and Chinese. The rhytidectomy of unemployment during the depression of the 1930s and the development of Filipino labor activism created widespread foe to Filipino immigration, especially in California where the concentration of the Filipino commonwealth is high. The Tydings-McDuffie Act was a legal cover for Filipino exclusion in America, similar to the Chinese Exclusion Act. If the Philippines was an independent country, then the Filipinos will no longer have unrestricted access into America. This would also mean that they were not white and could not attain naturalized citizenship. This law was later starting line by the US Navys recruitment of Filipino Americans whoQue 7were exempt from such law. The Filipinos were actually put in a worse position compared to the Chinese and Japanese who were excluded as well. Chinese merchants wer e able to bring their wives, also with Japanese family members and their wives, they were also exempted from the restrictions of the Gentlemens Agreement. The only exemptions that the Act had allowed Hawaiian employers to continue importing Filipino laborers whenever they needed them and the U.S. was able to recruit Filipinos into the Navy (Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934). This also marked the beginning of the third wave of Filipino immigration during 1945-1965. Filipinos from the Philippines noined the U.S. Navy to fight against the Japanese. Filipinos were allowed to join the U.S. Navy because they were so-called Nationals. They were not U.S. citizens, nor were they illegal aliens. The Filipinos became stewards for the dark blue. As stewards, Filipinos in the U.S. Navy cooked, cleaned, shined, washed, and swabbed the decks of naval ships and naval bases across America and the entire world. in spite of their status, Filipinos fought side-by-side with American soldiers for freedom against the Japanese. During the period of 1935-1965, some Filipino women and families immigrated to the U.S. They were a conclave of US military dependents or war brides, World War II veterans, professionals, and students. The fourth wave of Filipino immigration began after the passing of the Immigration Act of 1965 that continues to the present day. This allowed the entry of as many as 20,000 immigrants annually. (Filipino American History) The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 permitted many Asian residents in the US, including Filipino Americans, to break for citizenship. The law also gave those who had served honorably for three years in the US Armed Forces the opportunity to become eligible for naturalization. Filipino Americans during this period undergo significant economic exploitation and social injustice despite their contri exclusivelyions to American society. The FilipinoQue 8American community became more diverse during this period due to the immigration of hi ghly educated professionals, mostly in the health care field. Some example would be nurses, doctors and medical technologists. The 1965 Immigration and Nationality Act, which liberalized immigration laws, made it possible to sponsor other family members such as baby children, spouses, unmarried and married adult sons and daughters, and parents of adult US citizens. Similarly, a high proportion of international students were enrolled in American universities (Immigration History). Many Filipinos have experienced the Brain Drain in exchange of the American Dream, it consisted of professional like doctors, lawyers, nurses, engineers, as well as the military of Filipinos who continued to join the navy off Sangeley Point in Cavite City, Philippines. From the first to the fourth wave of Filipino Immigration, evidently Filipinos have been in America for quite some time, so far one must persistently ask who are the Filipino Americans? Who are they and what have they done? Perhaps it woul d be better to ask What is it most Filipino-Americans that make them appear different, yet one and the same? (Filipino American History)Most of the immigrants were welcomed with open arms but even before they came to their destination here in the United States, they thought that the U.S is a land of opportunity. However, that wasnt the case when they arrived in the U.S. because the opportunities, the jobs that were given to the immigrants were hard and they were paid very low. Some immigrants stayed temporarily but some returned to their own country with their savings that they have acquired working in the United States. However, more immigrants chose the path of staying in the U.S. and have not given up looking for a better life. They permanently left their own countryQue 9and became hopeful that they could find a new world in the United States. All these led to the famous term of the American Dream.American Dream, who wouldnt have known The American Dream. A lot of Filipinos drea mt of living and working in the United States of America for greener pasture. Even until now there are still a lot of Filipinos who are still onerous to go through a crowd in the U.S Embassy in the Philippines just to have a U.S Visa. Filipinos believed that living and working in the U.S will give them a brighter future not only to them, but also to their families as well. Filipinos have always pursued the American Dream. It is a proof of which today is that Filipinos are now the second largest Asian group in the United States, according to the latest census bureau report. The number of Americans who have place themselves as Filipino, either alone or in combination with another race, totaled 3.4 million, the report showed. The total number is believed to be much high than the census count. There are an estimated one million undocumented Filipinos in the United States. Census officials attributed the fast growth of the Filipino population to immigration. California, known as the g ateway for Asian immigrants, had the largest population of Asian Americans, with close to 6 million, or nearly a third of the total nationwide (Rueda). The family set of reunification, interdependence, social cohesiveness and collectivism continue to persist within the Filipino American community despite the existence of socio-economic and health care disparities and racism. hatful typically migrate to the United States to acquire a better future for them. Filipinos perseverely chase the chance of acquiring the American Dream. Filipinos left their country by choice for economic necessity. However, acquiring the American Dream in America will requireQue 10adapting to a new culture including but not limited to values, religions needs and most importantly learning English as a secondary language. Filipinos have an advantage in assimilate to America since their history consists of American influence. The Filipino experience of chasing the American Dream is a long and winding road. Fil ipinos chose to chase it from 1865 to 1945, and up to the present. Success in life is risking everything, even culture and tradition. Filipinos may have the advantage of the English tongue and adaptation in a new environment, but can a Filipino still identify where he is from if a Filipino already learned how to forget where he came from? The sad reality is like a childs adoption. As the child is young, he will never know his identity until he grows or until the parents teach the child. The biological mother will be forgotten and the adopting mother will be in the place of the childs heart. When a Filipino leaves the Philippines, it is a one step in forgetting where a Filipino truly came from or what he truly was.Que 11 whole kit and caboodle Cited Filipino Immigrants in the US (1865-1945)Baldwin, James. Many Thousands Gone. Notes of a Native Son. capital of Massachusetts Beacon, 1955. Print. 31 Oct. 2012Filipino American History. Filipino American History. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.Immigration History. ECampus Geriatrics. Stanford School of Medicine, n.d. Web.Le, C.N. 2012. The setoff Asian Americans Asian-Nation The Landscape of Asian America. Web. 31 Oct. 2012Magat, Arianne Philippines from 1900-1915 The First Wave of Filipino Migration to the United States. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.Garcia, Arturo P. A Brief History Filipino Immigrants in the United States. Out of the Shadows, into the Streets. Liberation News. N.p., 24 Aug. 2007. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.Hall, Stuart. Who needs identity. Questions of cultural identity 16.2 (1996) 1-17. Web. 31 Oct. 2012Rueda, Nimfa U. Filipinos 2nd Largest Asian base in US, Census Shows.Inquirer Global Nation. Inquirer, 25 Mar. 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.The Rise of Asian Americans. Pew Research Center. N.p., 19 June 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934. Asian American Nation. N.p., n.d. Web. 31 Oct. 2012.U.S. Filipinos Highlight Immigrant Rights on May Day. AsianWeek The Voice of Asian America. AsianWeek, 1 May 2012. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.