Psychology Revision Notes Essay

Participants were divided into four groups which were acoustically akin, acoustically dissimilar, semantically similar and semantically dissimilar. Participants were presented with the list a total of 4 times and each time was interrupted to hand over to prevent rehearsing. They were then presented with a 20-minute interval task and afterwards were asked to recall their list. Semantically dissimilar address were recalled the most telling us that encoding in LTM is semantic.Summary of study on strength of STM and LTMSummary of study on duration of STMPeterson & Peterson-Showed PPs a list of bunk trigrams and asked them to count back from 400 in 3 second intervals for a duration ranging from 3 to 18 seconds. Found that duration of STM was 18-30 seconds maximum.Summary of study on duration of LTMBahrick-400 participants remote between 17 and 74 were tested using different methods including free-recall tests, photo-recognition test, name recognition tests and photo-name matching te st. PPs performed little well on free recall tests (30% after 48 years) but were much better in the photo-name test (90% after 60 years). patterns of memory explanation of the multi-store model of memory, plus evaluation inc. researchAtkinson & Shiffrin-Multi-Store Model which consists of three move sensory, short term and long term stores. Rehearsal is required in set up for information to move across stores and retrieval is needed to access the information. If information is not rehearsed it will decay.Description of the working memory model, plus evaluation inc. research Baddeley & Hitch-Working Memory Model which consists of three parts central executive, phonological loop (store and articulatory control system) and the central executive.Memory in the real conceptionKnowledge of what Eye Witness Testimony (EWT) is-The evidence provided in court by a someone who witnessed a crime, with a view to identifying the perpetrator of the crime. The accuracy of eyewitness recall wh itethorn be moved(p) during initial encoding, subsequent storage and eventual retrieval.Loftus & Palmers (1974) study on EWT-Reconstruction of an Automobile Disaster. 9 student PPs per 5 conditions (bumped, contacted, hit, smashed and collided). All watched a video then asked to estimate speed. Smashed the highest (40.8mph) and contacted the worst (31.8mph). PPs in second part of experiment then asked a leading question about mixed-up glass. 16/50 of the smashed condition PPs said yes in comparison to 7/50 in the hit condition.Knowledge of the factors which affect the accuracy of EWT worry-Christianson and Hubinette (1993)Anxiety and EWT real incidents involving high levels of stress lead to much accurate, detailed and long lasting memories.Deffenbucher (2004)Carried out a meta-analysis of 18 studies, looking at the effects if heightened anxiety on accuracy of EWR. It was clear that there was considerable support for the hypothesis that high levels of stress negatively impacted on the accuracy of EWM.Age-Parker and Carranza (1989)Compared the ability of primary school children and college students to correctly identify a send individual following a slide sequence of a mock crime. In the photo recognition task, child witnesses has higher rate of choosing somebody than adults witnesses, although they were also more likely to make errors of identification than college students. weapon focus effect-Loftus(1987)In violent crimes, arousal may focus attention on central elaborate e.g. a weapon. Loftus et al identified weapons focus effect. 2 conditions, one involving weapon the other not. Condition 1 (less violent) people was 49% accurate in identifying man. Condition 2 (more violent) people were 33% accurate. Suggests weapon may have distracted them.